We describe leptonic and hadronic processes in GRB blast waves that lead to
the production of multi-MeV photons. Gamma rays emitted by leptons are
likely to be synchrotron self-Compton emission, though external Compton
photons could be important in some cases. Cascades associated with
photohadronic processes are probably the most important source of hadronic
gamma rays. Cosmic-ray production by GRBs could explain the origin of
high-energy cosmic rays. High-energy neutrinos would be the most clearcut
prediction of this scenario, though gamma rays associated with hadronic
processes would have distinct signatures compared to those emitted by
leptons.
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