08:44:27 All right, good film, as advertised I'll give you some highlights from you visitor.
08:44:35 Here I'll talk about user bubbles, but also about some other things.
08:44:40 Here is your receipt.
08:44:43 Here is your receipt him. So I'll talk first talk a little bit about the mission, not everybody may be familiar with it, this is what the spectrum RG mission looks like it's got a platform and there's two telescopes mounted on it there's art axes and
08:44:57 Russian instrument behind x rays.
08:45:01 And it was it was an instrument built by the Max Planck Institute for extraterrestrial physics in Munich.
08:45:08 It's the soft X ray telescope appear. And so that's been built, mainly by the MP, and RL here in Hamburg is to do the mission planning for the whole surveys, this is our involvement in that if you take off the cover from us later you look down these seven
08:45:31 telescopes, these are volta type X ray telescopes accord 54 concentric shells of them, silicon wavers, you see these battles here on top of them. That's what it looks like it's parked out at ln the mission, the telescope, it was launched 2019.
08:45:58 And what's it going to do, it's rotating six times per day. and the scans the entire sky. So every, every six months, it will have covered the entire style.
08:46:13 So does this for four years and so will complete a falls guy surveys, it. And this is what it's been doing now, after initial phase of performance verification and all this and currently.
08:46:32 We're in the third survey now, which is currently going on. And it was the tip is the survey instrument, so survey. This guy, meaning it's got a large field of view, you see the field of view of XM a new term here and Chandra, which
08:46:52 well known X ray workhorses still out and this guy he is he was it a field of view, it scans this guy in scanning mode so it'll scan this and add some complications to the data analysis, as we met and imagine school field of view about 65 minutes.
08:47:09 Here are some specs there's got seven mirrors in it, and we may be interested in what it's PSF. So, on axis, it's about 16. seconds and it gets worse.
08:47:22 This is the energy range, so the wind and then the roses did some other things in it that may be interesting, maybe most, mostly the energy resolution, which is about
08:47:37 100 EVSXKV.
08:47:40 So these are some basic aspects of it.
08:47:45 Unfortunately the instrument.
08:47:48 The Russian and the gym consortium that run the instruments, decided to split the sky in half.
08:47:59 And don't get me started on this, it actually turns out that the German consortium has is has got the southern sky here the Russian. The other part of the sky, although you know just like the discovery of using a bubble shows.
08:48:15 There are a few Joint
08:48:19 so it's eight service after four years.
08:48:33 It will be substantially lower insensitivity here then existing service you can see a plot of the area, versus the flux limit him he you see the US eight nematodes go to all sky, and almost two orders of magnitude better their existing surveys in there.
08:48:53 So that's the parameter space your neighbors, nice of this particular MIT instrument, and the images that they get out. After eight surveys, look a bit like an excellent observation in here that he is a comparison optimist by Miriam.
08:49:12 Now, let me get to the, to the science highlights. First I'll talk about the user bubbles actually was part of that discovery.
08:49:21 But maybe that's a good vantage point from where to give a little tutorial, and you can view my view Annette, and you've seen this image before this the point three 2.3 KV image here, but it was either.
08:49:36 And what you can see is if you see here, the northern part of the bubble that was unknown before as Kartik said, What's new about this papers as the southern equivalent you can see if you look at my cursor, that there's some counterpart of this northern
08:49:55 bubble, you can see here and if you look would also clear from this image clearer from them from previous data is how sharp. This, this edges. There's no other matches.
08:50:09 And so if you draw a line over that to that image and you superimpose it on the radio image, it's spot on, where the news I'm polar spurs located. Here's an
08:50:22 overlay of the radio signal in the mission in that area.
08:50:27 So this is, this looks a little bit like like a shopfront, that is accelerating particles that you can see the data synchronization is little bit reminds me on these radio relics.
08:50:43 So, you know, this has a little bit of an equivalent in the extra galactic sky, where here you've got features like this one's called the sausage relic which is two mega parsecs in length, and there's also located at A.
08:50:58 at a shockwave of similar maximum actually have about 1.5 1.5 that efficient accelerates particular so there's an interesting equivalent there and it's not actually theoretically clear how such week shocks can accelerate particles, electrons in this case.
08:51:15 So what are we looking at people have talked at length about what could be the origin as well.
08:51:24 There is, you know, some sort of high pressure located at the located at the galactic center, although it has been pointed out that the northern part is not the northern polar spurs Not really.
08:51:37 Exactly, centered on the galactic center, but more on the sickness center here, but the southern the southern loop seems to be more centered on the Galaxy also as being remarked before that, the base of these intervals actually fairly wide, and that was
08:51:56 well.
08:51:59 Here the $30 and we just had a great tutorial about Kartik about it, which is a bipolar structure that sits within the visitor bubbles and and yet you see a superposition of the gamma ray bubbles in here, and the visitor bubbles here.
08:52:18 Here in Tennessee The base is very wide.
08:52:22 Interestingly, also, There's a little bit of a, almost like a gap here, up here, if you can see this, where my cursor is.
08:52:31 Yeah, not quite clear what causes this gap.
08:52:34 But it's a little bit curious that this gap also lives in in a place where there's a lot of NH, the column density is quite large, and yet again, like to point out the sharpness yet of this boundary, which for people interested in shocking situation which
08:52:51 is what my, my research was I was very excited.
08:52:57 Here's a little bit of a have some numbers in here. This is a figure taking from Peter Fidel's paper, who actually actually meant he meant mentioned before he is the leaders of this paper, and he you see the Fermi boundaries inside the larger us into
08:53:15 bubbles here.
08:53:17 Here are some tentative numbers taken from this paper in here.
08:53:22 And you can look at some of these up, interesting on the ages, the total thermal energy inside us the turbos boasts about 10 to the 56 Oaks.
08:53:33 So you can translate that into about 100,000 supernovae, and over that time of kind of age, that's about one supernova thousand years. So it's not crazy man supernova you that you need to fuel this.
08:53:51 And in the paper they do mention this 14 killer classic seven kilometer radius of the visitor bubbles but I'll get to that a little bit. So what else still questions that we might also be returned to in the discussion session.
08:54:06 One is how affirming use the two bubbles related. Is it the same thing, whether two explosions, the northern polar spare shortwave first the first few bubbles later.
08:54:19 Or was it a single event or continuous periodic it was apparently energy release is caused by aging, or starbursts and category due to this. Also there is and there has been some common in the slack already this and just beauty about the distance, and
08:54:36 and here.
08:54:51 It seems that the firm about was driving the expansion of the bubble. The the pressure inside the irresistible but appears to be fairly uniform, which suggests that maybe there's two processes in the air, but there's one process that that drives the entire
08:54:55 but I've already alluded to the gap and calculus limit or you mentioned the actually chimneys on the smaller scale at the base that might feel these little bubbles, from the galactic center as well.
08:55:12 Now, what about the distance.
08:55:14 Interesting paper came out very recently by la Rocca, and I know some people here in the meeting, and I get a part of this have measured the distance of the Northern northern bonus but using Halo set.
08:55:29 Using Halo set. Now, those of you who don't know about Halo satisfy the set is the CubeSat six unit CubeSat in here that measures x ray spectra. And it has discovered two components that both belong to the nose on Podesta ahead.
08:55:47 And the cool component in these plots is is mentioned is pictured in red, and the hot one here in black. And so these are the density profiles for for a local and all the pause button for a distant one.
08:56:09 And so their paper suggests that they're actually distance.
08:56:16 So about 10 k PC distances of the Northern polar bear, and this is in conflict with the paper that was also just now.
08:56:28 Pin to the slack which is the paper by dad and others, and they looked at guy, and other service and looked at essentially big things of stars in the northern polar and looked at x ray absorption and decimals, and they say that it's, it's much closer,
08:56:49 so I'm not the right person to go and weigh in on this dispute, but it's put it out there and people can go and discuss it.
08:56:58 And so, That's of course relevant.
08:57:03 You know, I think that the northern polar spring is where the bubbles are but it's, it's not clear.
08:57:10 I was going to mention something about the bubble sizes. I think the bump sizes in the in the paper
08:57:18 for the balance was actually misquoted and that's because we actually quite close to them.
08:57:23 Right. So if you look at these bubbles from our vantage point in the solar system yet, you look up at these huge bubbles.
08:57:32 And you see that we don't see them here, but the actual radius is actually much smaller. And here so actually though the real radius of us it was about five or six k Chrissy not seven.
08:57:46 So big deal with us actually pointed this out themselves to me so it's not that I'm lecturing them about this. So, yet so that's something to bear in mind and they have been simulations of the Fermi bubbles and those who by Mateos, and Indian you by boycotting
08:58:15 uses a double says more stuff to discuss there's a lot of interesting narrative structures in that region on large scale for this something that I find very interesting so we can talk about this out.
08:58:28 This to let me go in and check the time I think this is about time to talk about something else that what that won't be what we're doing with ears eat it.
08:58:38 It's scanning the entire sky. Its main science driver is to go and find hundred thousand gotcha testers for various things such as dark energy probes and the likes.
08:58:51 And one of the things that we found very recently, that's relevant to people interested in gators halos is, is to look at for Ag and feedback, and in groups and Marissa Benson.
08:59:04 Let this work. She found almost like a low mass equivalent of M 87, or the Virgo, just that we see here on the right is the new Rosita map and the blue stuff is this radio station here on the left on the right hand side you see radio mission from low
08:59:25 forest hundred 44 megahertz and you see, you almost up your house this a Taurus that has gone up almost like a smoke ring, and has survived actually for quite a long time.
08:59:38 And this seems to be almost like a copy of the Virgo cluster, only at smaller, smaller masters. So, the first.
08:59:48 This This has come to as come out of the first catalog, and unless you have the moment with 11,000 classes and groups in them and if there's most of the stuff that usually defines is group stuff that hasn't been done before.
09:00:01 And there's there's been many of them and you can ask me about some of the physics. Later, and other science highlight from the mission itself, concerns the whims of the more interactive medium that search, you know that's contains the most, the largest
09:00:18 part of the baryons that's in filaments that collect galaxy clusters in one of the very early performance verification observations before the service started in earnest.
09:00:31 We pointed it to a pair of Gothic clusters about 339 559 six, and look for where there was warm, warm gas in between these clusters in the filaments in there as well.
09:00:46 So this is the old rose at image of this pair of success. This has been actually well studied.
09:01:00 It also plank data about its various types of sZ data and other bits. And so this was one of the the targets here as well this work, that by Thomas robbery and from University of born and looked at this and they found that there's a three mega classic
09:01:10 wind bridge connected those clusters they have out three mega plastics apart.
09:01:16 And you see him they found evidence for warming gas point okay the gas in here using the soft flicks response of a visitor. And this, in published, and I can refer people to this so that's that's interesting to see.
09:01:35 You know what is the thermal state of this.
09:01:38 We also looked at this actually in the radio and looked at what what we can learn about magnetic fields and, and as drums there as well. I finally there's also a bridge in the coma.
09:01:54 It's been seems there's also a bridge between Kathy cast as you can see, so this is some of the design side of the highlights that are already published with the procedure.
09:02:07 You spend it all the way from the Milky Way to distant galaxy accesses, there's a whole other group here at the observatory and, and, and that's where that looks at coronal mass stars about 20% of all sources are stars, currently active stars, that's,
09:02:28 that's things that people have looked at it. So, let me go and try and wrap up to kick off the discussion session. So, it has been going now strong for about a year now and is performing all sky surveys, meeting with specification, it's all working quite
09:02:50 well. Currently it's in the third of a total of eight all sky surveys, and I mentioned some highlights, and that's one of the bubbles and the other one is the intergalactic medium in mission.
09:03:07 And I think service. Now, very relevant. I think for this workshop and that we can take the discussion session is first of all, finding more than 100,000 cancer clusters and groups, study Ag and feedback in galaxies nearby galaxies but also distant galaxies
09:03:28 for instance by stacking galaxies, of a project that we are preparing to look for Walmart Indigo happy medium filaments.
09:03:50 And the last, I think I'll, I'll stop here and happy to take your questions.
09:03:46 Thank you, Marcus is great.
09:03:52 Well I'll start it off when, when is the way it looks like I'm interested in stacking of galaxies.
09:03:59 When, when is the last one on Sky Survey going to be released, or. When will you be able to stack galaxies, and look frog. Yes. Yeah.
09:04:12 Right. Yes. So unfortunately, is it is, is, is a proprietary mission in the sense that there's always a lot of, there's a lot of political debate and not a big deal negotiation going on when to release the data, as there's obviously different views, different
09:04:27 consortia involved, but it's, yeah but it's been agreed that you as one is going to be.
09:04:39 It's going to be released in about 18 months from now, so that the servers that are going to be making public his ears one universe for heroes, eight, and every single one of them is going to be made public about 18 months after the last photo and I think
09:04:57 it's coming.
09:04:59 Will has been calibrated so this some and dispute about this, but that's roughly the timeline of when the data is going to be public.
09:05:09 And yes, so we've been looking at stacking galaxies and comparing it also to as the stacked and galaxies, and trying to find the CGM.
09:05:21 And, yeah, I think there's a lot of work that can be done.
09:05:26 Climb keeping them in different ways to let them in different ways, compare them to, you know, whatever is out there.
09:05:33 So, that's interesting.
09:05:35 And yeah, and then going as an old guy from both consortia all the day just be public. And so, yeah, so that's exciting. I mean four rows that, as you know, that was that flew sometimes in the 80s, it took decades to mine all that data.
09:05:55 And, you know, of course now already got many more photons on disk then then build it in effect.
09:06:05 And, and Elisa wants to know about what is the science verification phase going to be released.
09:06:11 That's very soon.
09:06:14 And that's, I think, in April may have something to last I heard.
09:06:21 Okay,
09:06:29 well let's, let's open up the let's see I don't see any do I see any hands raised I don't.
09:06:37 We will.
09:06:39 Let's do five more minutes of questions.
09:06:42 And then we'll go out to go to the. We'll take a break and have those who want to go join the further the breakout session, go to the E Rosita plus for me bubble room.
09:06:56 Right. Yeah.
09:06:59 Good, yeah, if people have interesting comments about the debate of the distance, about any other thermal thermal
09:07:11 aspect of it. Now go shoot.
09:07:24 Well I can keep on going. Oh no. Okay, we got some questions here.
09:07:26 Let's go with Krista
09:07:27 Mr. Chris, very interesting thought. So I'm actually a little bit puzzled because I attended a workshop, years ago, on the gamma rays Chi, and dr d sort of conclusion was that the North Pole spurs a local thing, but now reading your seat of paper and
09:07:44 others, the jury is still open basically so what is sort of the best observational evidence for a local phenomenal, what is sort of the best observational evidence for a sort of galactic center related phenomenon.
09:08:01 Another not the right person to ask other people who can weigh in with the most recent strong claim for a local origin comes from the dash 2020 paper that I also there's all my slides somewhere.
09:08:15 And I can, I can look it up, and the most recent evidence for the local evidence is the LA Rocca 2020 paper.
09:08:26 But of course both these points of view, we've got a long history, which I haven't even attempted to go and all put out here.
09:08:37 This is who can create good stuff to summarize, I think that all the X ray mission or absorption models are saying this is galactic center phenomena. All the polarization maps, saying that it is local you know so this is what I recently realized.
09:08:52 Yeah, that's right. Okay.
09:09:01 Let's get marks question in there too.
09:09:04 Yeah, and maybe this will carry us into the breakout room. But, um, many of us would like to know whether this is supernova driven or a gn driven.
09:09:16 And those are fighting words and certain cooties that are passionate about the Fermi bubbles. So instead of asking you to take a side, I guess, it'd be nice to, I know Kurt tick did some of this but, um, what observations are most determinative in trying
09:09:35 to distinguish with what the source of the bubbles is.
09:09:50 And if those observations. If you would love to see some observations made they're not have not yet been made, be good for this community to know.
09:09:51 Yeah, I think it'd be good to give a make for people similar to this, to say what what could be the best diagnostics. And I think that the main difference between the star function and the HM driven models, is that the agent driven model seem to be like,
09:10:09 one thing is that the luminosity of the agent driven model which is one thing that you know, probably very high luminosity models are excluded by the opposite eight to seven nine ratios.
09:10:20 But even at the low, low, low luminosity regime right tend to fall into as five Ellington.
09:10:26 There is very, it is very hard to distinguish between this to stop supernova and the luminosity Hm. One thing that can actually do that is that, find a temperature variation across the formula bubble in the X ray.
09:10:42 So, in agent driven cases, you would have more kind of energy towards the vertical direction, then know the star function driven case starvation driven case this temperature would be more uniform.
09:10:57 It doesn't, it will, it should not vary across latitude, but in a genuine case you'd see a greater variation across the from a bubble.
09:11:06 Because of the kinetic energy injected particularly.
09:11:10 So this is one of the solutions that probably I don't know, I'm not sure it is.
09:11:17 Okay. On that note, let's all take a break here, because it's been a very intense conversation or very active conversation, and come back here in nine minutes for the How to blend the mercury is them from the CGM, and you can migrate over to the,
09:11:44 to the breakout room for the bubbles.
09:11:47 But I would say, let's let's force ourselves to have a little bit of a break.