08:05:01 Okay. Hi everyone.
08:05:15 Here's the, and that's a good thing. Actually, I could go for more of this week.
08:05:22 I just want to go over some announcements before we get to our second keynote talk this week from Filippo fractionally.
08:05:33 We know this slide and this slide, I think we all know this Slack channel now.
08:05:42 A couple things about this week's ongoing conversations we had to yesterday, the Milky Way and the CGM. And those were both well attended about 25 and between 15 and 25.
08:05:55 For each one. There's two more today.
08:05:59 We have a halo 21 is mcg a featured conversation with a smile and be out.
08:06:08 That's 1230 and there's actually a another one which is sort of an ongoing conversation with Joe Burke So tell me about this at 1130.
08:06:20 And those don't overlap. And you could go look at the zoom link in the slack channels.
08:06:27 Yeah, I think that is pretty much it. I don't know if anybody else any of the other organizers have any announcements.
08:06:37 Great, I will have the pleasure of introducing Filippo front turn Ali, who will give a featured or a, a keynote talk today. And we have a very, very popular so we have five people on the panel discussion, starting at 9am.
08:06:59 Pacific time. Yeah could Yakov Faerman, Miao Li, Nir Mandelkar, Frank Vanden Bosch, and Jess Werk.
08:07:07 So, without further ado, I am going to turn it over to Filippo.
08:07:39 You and other organizers to for putting together this and for invited me This is you're doing really a splendid job, I was telling Jessica I'm really impressed.
08:07:52 This loss of enthusiasm lots of great talks and discussions.
08:07:57 Gold activations.
08:07:59 And it's a great pleasure to be here and give this second talk with this very difficult title. Let me see if I can get my laser that probably you should see now that.
08:08:14 Yes, should try to answer the question, What does the Milky Way that less about the CGI.
08:08:22 So my talk, as the following outline.
08:08:28 I will start with the things that we have learned about the Milky Way, and we may have forgotten that I would go to. Why do we want to complicate our lives.
08:08:41 And I'll finish with embrace condensation can be happy, obviously.
08:08:48 So thinks that we have learned about the Milky Way and we may have forgotten or this is already long but there is a state, another title, learning about the CGM from below.
08:09:01 So really, from the east, where we are.
08:09:06 Thing number one. The first one is that the Milky Way is disk at a quiet and relaxing life. This is clearly shown by a number of evidence in the first one that that that mentioned, is the fact that the star formation yesterday is known since really long
08:09:27 time, as remained relatively flat, it could have been a bit higher in the past but not much.
08:09:33 These are two examples of star formation these studies in this neighborhood and to some extent the southern neighborhood is more place, but up to a certain point, because you to stellar migration, the solar neighborhood, actually, in the solar neighbor
08:09:50 actually you see stars that were coming that are coming from different parts of the Milky Way so it's not such a small portion of the DS but then, now there are new determinations where we actually see much more of the disk.
08:10:07 So like for example disappear geez data that data that go much further distances. And this information rate is found to decline a little bit but we are talking about the factors to potentially from relationships to today.
08:10:25 The other thing the other evidence that I like to mention is dynamical, there is this wonderful if you look at the these kids in a way that is this wonderful relation between the dispersion, that the style and velocity dispersion, and the age of the stats.
08:10:43 And this is actually extremely where we produced by very simple motors, these are these are actually that is a series of papers by oma Bini that they're, they're really very interesting papers if you don't know i i recommend them, they, they, they, they
08:11:04 have a disc evolving, essentially, in isolation, that is that information, etc.
08:11:11 This develops by the center and they look at several properties and many of these properties match very well with this of the Milky Way, these are different models.
08:11:21 The red doesn't match but all the others match, some different parameters so you see that the dispersion up to at least seven eight years ago are very much in line with simply.
08:11:35 These are stars that are simply warmed up by by the interaction with spider lambs and molecular clouds is something that is so this could likely pops up a bit.
08:11:50 In, especially at all the time. So, so just to say no major drastic, then at least to some extent is also given that there's been guy has been mentioned that you cannot these days really even talk about the Milky Way without mentioning mentioning guy
08:12:07 results, but to some extent Gaia results are very much confirming this, because now there is evidence of this certain consensus of the, the event of meat of the narrative that while it's not quite major because we are talking about this massive Asia's
08:12:31 that is called depending, we are talking to a guy in saliva so guy a sausage and, and this thing
08:12:40 should have interacted in a nursery the Milky Way between 10 and 11 Giga years ago, sorry, eight and 11 years ago and the mass is this and and and the idea is that this, this merges is important effect in the formation of the Sikh this maybe as work puffed
08:13:02 up that this was there for me. Formation of method which a lot.
08:13:09 And there are possibly other mergers, Stella streams are several of those things I've found, but they're mostly that they seem to be more or less in the same period and at smaller masses with respect to this one.
08:13:24 After that, one, not much happened in the Milky Way. There was Sagittarius the road that and Magellanic Clouds coming in, and this is about remained in the law, and is important to remember that the salary law is still only 1% of the standard mass of
08:13:41 the Milky Way, which is very mind, I'm not considering the majority clouds and discount. So clearly the few stars rubber across this Sagittarius as well.
08:13:52 So, this is this really says that most of all stars in in the disk. Simply form they're staying there in the mode, so.
08:14:04 So that was the first point my second point really goes back to chemical evolution models and is the following the aspiration has occurred continuously in the Milky Way, and the relatively low metal a city.
08:14:21 So this is, again, something that really goes back very much in time, I apologize if you know all of these things but I thought it was important to to point about and also make reference to the new findings.
08:14:37 So this is, this is, as I said, known from many chemical evolution model, these days.
08:14:45 This is a figure that comes actually from my book that after five years of pain, finally came out last year. And, but the model is the model from Sharon rich and Macmillan.
08:15:01 And it's, it's a chemical dynamical model of the Milky Way. And you see that this model reproduces very well. The Mentalist the distribution of starts starts in, in, in the solar neighborhood.
08:15:18 But, and if you can see that instead the theme was closed box modeller where there is no operation. This, this mechanism of distribution is completely not reproduce this is the, the, another way to look at the so called g dwarfs problem.
08:15:31 And then the other thing that by the way that the mentality that these models require for decoration is not zero. It can be a few solar.
08:15:42 Sorry.
08:15:44 Point 3.4 solar.
08:15:57 Would the models will work. It doesn't have to be.
08:15:48 Solar that the, the other thing that you can you can derive with this models is a sacrificial weight and you find the Daiquiri show rate the, somehow, depending on the the star formation rate that you are considering follows the star formation of a below
08:16:09 because you of course it is gas return from stellar evolution that tends to compensate for decoration, and if you have outflows then you need more.
08:16:22 And then, acquisition.
08:16:24 This is a bit more controversial, so not not really in the Milky Way but in general so gas decoration in the Milky Way occurs, essentially vertically over these not at the edge.
08:16:38 It is I, realizing that in the in the CGM community is not really the picture as this masterpiece from Jessica their mistakes. So, the idea is that the acquisition occurs at the edge of the desk, and then, and then then as to move to the center.
08:16:54 And then, and then then has to move to the center. So this for me, I've said. Other times, is problematic because you need very high velocities in the discs of order of 10 or more kilometres per second.
08:17:05 And these in local galaxies at least are not observed.
08:17:08 But what I will, I wanted to say today is mostly the Milky Way perspective and from the Milky Way point of view, essentially, most chemical evolution models actually do not even include the data flows at all.
08:17:23 They have the vertical, the guys coming down vertically in stays there. So just to say this is probably wrong. But, but, but there is really no need for this kind of flows, then a model that finally included the surgeon flows is the model by surely some
08:17:43 been in 2009. And this model, just to make the point that it produces really many of absurd absurd verbals and observations of the Milky Way of the different game.
08:18:03 Yeah.
08:18:01 This is a camera dynamical model so it produces the velocity of stars and the Middle East at the same time so it's a very sophisticated mode to some extent, and this more than, in this model they've tried to see how much occlusion is vertical and our
08:18:15 magic ratio nice radial, and they are essentially finding that most of the equation is vertical.
08:18:22 They have a model with 30% of regular creation, but that is, is excluded by by the data so most of the equation, in, in, in the modus of the Milky Way and I'm not talking today I'm talking throughout the history of the disk.
08:18:38 So, it's the end with vertical accretion vertical accretion doesn't necessarily mean that the material that comes down rotates as fast as this, this would be strange, to be honest, and probably unexpected.
08:18:55 So, what we can imagine in this is more in the simple picture here is that the material that comes down as locally in angular momentum that can be produced as angular momentum some weather can be principle, a bit different from the DS.
08:19:15 And in particular, if the angular momentum of decorating material is slower than the, the year I'm talking specific angular momentum, then the disk.
08:19:23 Then you develop radial flows, so radial flows are probably there is no doubt about that.
08:19:30 But the interesting thing, and this is a result that we have seen a few years ago is that this these radial flows actually influence them at least at gradient, and you can use them at least the gradient in this case in the Milky Way to try to understand
08:19:48 that that the angular momentum to infer the angular momentum of decorating gas.
08:19:55 And what we did in, in, in this paper with Gabriella but certainly we consider the model a chemical evolution model in which there is this parameter which is the angular momentum mismatch.
08:20:06 Okay, so if the the the accreting material as the same velocity as these, these, these angular momentum is magic zero, so the material comes down, no radial flows, if, if, if there is a deficit, then you have radio flows.
08:20:22 And this. And if you evolve the model and I'm not going into details but essentially for different alpha, we have different grades, different mentality gradient.
08:20:33 So this is the prediction of the model. And this is the range in mentality gradient that is allowed by the Milky Way.
08:20:40 And so you can say that the alpha, as to everybody you have about point 2.3 I'm saying point to because we have also other type of more than, so that the range is point 2.3, which, which is very interesting because it tells us several things.
08:20:58 It says that the equity material has to have angular momentum. Okay Can is not zero but this, we knew it, to some extent, but the rotation of that athletic material locally should be 70 80% lower.
08:21:13 So rotate more slowly than the disk in that position and then more than like this produces very mild, the radial flows into the risk of one kilometres per second that they would they are almost impossible to detect anyway.
08:21:31 Okay, so my conclusion for this first part, are the following, let me summarize what they've said that the, what, what is the Milky Way telling us about the CGM is telling us that the CGM is gradually are created on to the disk, over the last, certainly
08:21:53 over the last 810 years, the accretion seems to occur over the disk, not at the edge. At least most of it. The accreting gas is metal to metal a city of point three four solar or less.
08:22:08 They are creating gas as angular momentum back local locally rotates a bit more slowly than the disk. Okay, this is from looking at this, now I'm moving to the second part, which is why do we want to complicate our lives, and I, and this is divided in
08:22:27 two parts. The first part is the following. I want this is a message for Jessica, the Milky Way isn't wonderful spiral galaxy we have, we have to realize this in the Milky Way.
08:22:39 I noticed that the point is that in the Milky Way We can start the 1.8 billion stars, these days with with guy, the details of the ASM the structure of the CGM clouds, the, the low population, every single line of sites we look around, there is the Milky
08:22:57 Way. Okay, so it's it's the ability, not to, not, not to use it to understand galaxy evolution in general. And anyway, if you think about it in the, in the basic things, the Milky Way.
08:23:11 As spider lands, not, not, none, none of this flock length nonsense of other galaxies the Milky Way as the bad, which is, I mean commonly spiral galaxies that that the masses of staff masses of dark matter of gaps are more or less.
08:23:29 Okay, let's, let's look at this plotted comes from a paper that we published last year, this is the mass that the stellar dweller massive lesion and end star year and M hero in the x axis for several expand and galaxies of thing that, by, by treating
08:24:03 Okay, you can argue that the Milky Way may have a little bit low star formation rate with respect, this is, this is a paper where they put the Milky Way, if you can see it is difficult to see it in, in the main sequence is Macy dress, but I ever revised
08:24:22 the position and it should be the yellow.so I would say that if we were to send an application to a universal institution that as to grant the Milky Way, the status of normal spiral galaxies.
08:24:41 This application will be approved.
08:24:46 So, this was the first, the second one that may be more relevant for what we're discussing here is, What do we do with this list of every pieces of evidence that I discussed before, so let, let, let me remind me again.
08:25:03 disk over these low monthly city decoration occurs at a lower angular momentum locally with respect to them to these.
08:25:19 My question to you is that something come to your mind something comes to Chris is the math is mine. So, to me, the one year old this, this comes to mind.
08:25:36 So, the hot gas, there are Taylor surrounded the Milky Way and now I go through this point and i and i and i tell you why. First of all, I created over the last eight thing to Riga years.
08:25:54 As far as we know, the art a load the coral of the Milky Way. Could have been there, that sees ratio, one, this is the famous decade and B boying distinction between hot mo decoration and Cosmo decoration.
08:26:09 You see the Milky Way's crossing the line.
08:26:13 Essentially iteration, one or a bit before. So, so the from the theoretical point of view we can expect that an interesting point that goes back to marry plasma, talk, talk of two days ago, is that that we that she claims that we see the Milky Way with
08:26:31 interaction with dwarfs galaxies and I believe that this is true, but several of these dwarf galaxies have lost the gas, long time ago, long, very long time ago.
08:26:44 And so the corona must be dead. Also, seven, eight years ago, if we if we want to claim this.
08:26:53 And when we know this very well because we know the star formation and histories of these words. So this is, for me, is a check or door is not completely green if you notice, this yellow.
08:27:04 The second decoration occurs of over the disk not at the edge. This is completely a green check because the corona is in contact with the disk.
08:27:13 The accreting gases metal tour here.
08:27:17 There are the determination underneath the way that mostly by Bragman and his group power of.
08:27:24 These are a bit odd, with that ammunition in a sterling galaxies. We have never talking about solar, so I would say that this is also pretty much a check.
08:27:44 And the last thing is, is also very interesting because this these need for relatively low anger momentum locally actually fits very well with the, the, the very difficult estimate that has been has been driving this paper here of the rotation of the
08:28:15 corona around 75% of the rotation of this. This matches with with what I said before, the mentality that Nicholas the gradients, and also interesting matches with the prediction from cosmological Lee motivated angular momentum distributions.
08:28:24 So, What do we have to do.
08:28:29 Obviously the corona as too cold to, to allow this to happen, and in the cooling can occur in different places but the first place that comes to mind because the, the maximum of the density, you would think is in the center.
08:28:45 The center of the Corona, which means also the center of the disk, you would expect, most of the cooling to occur at large, as more various Morton Yeah.
08:28:55 And this is bad, because that that gas is low angular momentum and, and this doesn't go in, doesn't grow inside out, and Ben knows very well that you need lots of
08:29:09 feedback to, to essentially a jacket all this gas that you didn't want it in the first place.
08:29:17 Now, what the solutions could be one solution that I think is very interesting, is the presence of the feminine. Maybe they are, they are there for a reason because the black hole Lisa reacting to these attempts of occasion.
08:29:33 And this is certainly something that would be good to keep the inner Corona hot.
08:29:43 For a long time, longer times.
08:29:44 Steel the gas is too cold further out. Okay, and to cool further out there are several possibilities one is the precipitation more than instabilities the mark Boyd boost presented the several papers and other possibility is the Corona, the rotation of
08:30:02 the corona actually three gets instabilities also because there tends to can tend it depends a bit on the, on the distribution but can bring the, the idea of density further out, not in the sentence and forth possibility, which is obviously my favorite
08:30:21 is the condensation. The Galactic found.
08:30:25 And so this brings me to the third part, and I'm more or less on time according to my, my watch, which is the condensation path.
08:30:37 So
08:30:41 condensation.
08:30:42 We condensation we mean that when you have interaction between cold gas and hot gas surrounding this.
08:30:53 This produce is essentially the increase of the mass of the cold gas, and this was shown in 2010 by Mary not yet done.
08:31:06 And in that paper. They also showed that the condensation can induce to the cooling of the, of the corona to trigger this information to feed this information in the Milky Way, and also that to find these things you need very either solution for your
08:31:26 simulations.
08:31:28 In later paper, without me lotta lotta.
08:31:34 We investigated the possibility that actually external conduction came for a year or the year you see a very nice simulation with lots of condensation taking place here in the, in the wake of the cloud.
08:31:48 And if you have turned by conduction, you see a very different evolution of the week. But still, there is quite a bit of gas, called gaseous developing, because the cool, the hot gas is cooling down.
08:32:05 And when you plot the, the massive code gas. Also, in the case of thermal conduction.
08:32:13 You us.
08:32:15 OK, so the title is the admin my friend. I've seen, I don't know if you are listening, but I'm sure my words will reach you one day. I've seen your excellent reviewed excellent talk and, and I've seen that you are completely neglecting this and granting
08:32:37 ground. No, 2018, they discovered the conversation, but this is okay. Not a problem.
08:32:44 But then you did something worse, because you made the ground. No superheroes. And this is serious. These scenes. So I said, I have to do something. So, Everybody, please meet that the superheroes.
08:33:04 Wonder army locker and super learning it.
08:33:09 And let's see what these superheroes have done.
08:33:12 Superman actually in 2011 went to look, whether this interaction with the code gas and hot gas actually can exchange not only the mass, but also the momentum.
08:33:27 And what what he found is that the, actually, the, the fountain itself, because of this interaction with the corona as to speed up the Corolla. This is, I can discuss this at length because this in principle is, is it an enormous problem, because this
08:33:46 can can be like a blender and the corona would disappear from the same.
08:33:52 Actually, this doesn't happen, because when the velocities between the two media, look, come down, that the transfer of momentum sees seizes because the corona is cooling and and is joining the cold face.
08:34:09 So what this means effectively is that there is a mismatch in velocity between the disk and the corona and this mismatch is around 75, kilometers per second it again is more or less the number that I was discussing before and wonder let me lock that instead
08:34:29 into inevitable in 2016 looked at condensation with different temperatures and the different temperatures in the time showing your RV the stream one is.
08:34:41 million degrees and one is 8 million degrees. And once you found is that as we could expect that there is much more conversation when the temperature of the hot gas, it's lower than when the temperature is left.
08:34:57 And this can be shown here so that is lots of condensation.
08:35:02 At one or two or few million degrees, and then you essentially have no conversation when you go to a temperature. And this is really easy to understand, if you take the cooling function, and you start from here.
08:35:15 You, this gas can be mixed with a very small amount of colder gas and immediately you're very close to the peak and or even in the peak, and then then your cooling proceeds very fast.
08:35:27 So that's the mixing is obviously important the densities are important, but But broadly speaking, this is, this is what's happening. And when you go to Milky Way sort of temperatures, you are still okay the cool, the peak it's not so far away, but here
08:35:42 is enormously far away. And then, and then, then the mechanism doesn't work anymore it at this at everything else, the same so same densities, etc.
08:36:02 and can be seven role in start with major granting maybe but this is another top.
08:36:03 Okay. And the very last paper that I published on this topic was actually from a few weeks ago from the master student Theatre in in groaning and my postdoc as well good Oh no.
08:36:21 And this is really, it's super sophisticated simulation of of cloud, that is, you see Chabad right this this wind and is producing quite a bit of cold gas condensation en we have magnetic fields, and we have is a drop in thermal conduction you see that
08:36:41 the evolution, with the magnetic fields, strength, and
08:36:49 even in this situation the magnetic fields, we knew it, tend to lower the condensation. And so that's the thermal conduction but still this is the result with magnetic field and thermal conduction so probably 33, that he did and still we have condensation
08:37:06 of around 10% after 60 mega year. So the conclusion from this and a conclusion from other papers is essentially that condensation is consistently predicted in under certain conditions that actually are met.
08:37:24 In, in the lower cologne or the Milky Way, By all is solution simulation so the hybrid solution is a very important part.
08:37:33 Okay, now that we we embrace in the conversation we can be happy, and how can we be at the foot to be happy, in my opinion, we have to understand what we do with this.
08:37:44 And I tell you what I think is very important that we do with this. And with this, this, this sketch that I've prepared here. So, we have a disk and these these cases, there is more thickness.
08:37:58 I'm saying now one and the buzzer can be few and passive but this is essentially, if you take your gas and you make it warm. So, h1, one major one at eight kilometers per second, and you calculate the thickness of vertical the static equilibrium, you
08:38:16 essentially explain the disk. Okay. Now, in this this, there is something more, the supernova going on, can t go off continuously. And this produces this larger layer of Mr Blaine or gas that is can be up to 10 kilo classic actually from this.
08:38:42 So,
08:38:45 locally in the Milky Way. This thing is seen as intermediate velocity clouds, but the intermediate velocity clouds of just a fraction of all their supply in our gas that we think is there.
08:38:58 Okay. And and further out there are the high velocity clouds in my opinion are very much a part of the picture of the data stream.
08:39:06 But the most important that I want to point out here is that in this layer, there is this layer is very important, because what we said, there is all this is surrounded by the autograph.
08:39:22 So in this layer where the fountain is bringing actually 10 solar masses of gas barrier, so it's an enormous cycle it is a is an enormously large mass loading factor in this layer that is mixing mixing mixing mixing mixing.
08:39:44 There is lots of mixing. And so this is really important. And, and, I mean, I, I understand the importance of trying to explain the, I understand it very much important to try to explain the coal and gas, very far away.
08:40:02 See if you can do it with the winds with decoration etc. but here there is an enormous amount of mixing between cold material and out of, out of material and external material, and in this as potentially very important consequences.
08:40:18 And in these as potentially very important consequences. So, how do we know this, in external galaxies, we see. So, this is a john galaxy, if he or the were only a thin disk, these would be the each one observation, we see lots of stuff about the disc
08:40:34 innovation in in AGI with very with VDI the solution observations and the mass is up to 25% of the total math, so it's it's quite a bit in a child fact we see them better.
08:41:04 From this material that is outside in the Milky Way, the Milky Way, we have to remove the disk but this is doable. So this goes back to young stock of yesterday.
08:41:09 What we've done it in this paper mostly for, for,
08:41:15 to, to show what what comes out so this is the old age one map of the Milky Way. When you have you have you have taken essentially everything you have you see the discovery.
08:41:27 Well, if you take this at this latitude here, this is a position. Sorry longitude velocity plot data, you can. This is this would be a disk model, we can mask, a generous this model, and that is something that speaks out.
08:41:46 That is definitely cannot absolutely be part of the disk. And when you put all this together This seems very little, actually you get this.
08:41:54 So, every line of sight, as, as material that is not part of the this is part of this extra planar gas. Obviously you see some problems in this a fraction of the DSP or the down near the Magellanic stream has been subtracted those you see some, but, but
08:42:12 there is lots of material.
08:42:14 But this in some senses what you see and to understand how it works. You have to do an extra step. And to do this we have, we have built this kinematic model, the kinematic model essentially you have a disk, and then you have an extra planar layer with
08:42:29 some parameters, you put yourself in the middle, you, you look around and then you compare it with the data. And by doing this we extracted the properties of this, of this medium, the mass is three times 10 to the eight so the masses.
08:42:45 It's the gradient.
08:42:47 That is, there is identical gradient in velocity because it's rotating more slowly 15 kilometres per second and then that has two interesting parameters that direct inflow of an h1 in the vertical and in the radio direction as I was saying before the
08:43:08 velocity clouds are just the path.
08:43:12 But what you really want is the dynamical model. And this dynamical model, we build it.
08:43:28 Particle days, using, because we want to reproduce their own galaxies, using using these pseudo ballistic approach in which there is a ballistic motion, as you see here this is purely ballistic.
08:43:33 So you see that the particles are going out and coming back to this because of these ejection due to supernova explosions, but also we can, because we have the simulations, we can include in this model also hydrodynamic effect, and in particular we include
08:44:09 condensation. And if we include condensation look at the shape of the orders, the shape of the always changes substantially. This tells you that you can make you can see the difference between the blue and the red.
08:44:09 And even more from this plot. Here you see that in without interaction with the corona all the particles more or less remain at the same speed as the, the disk.
08:44:22 This is the rotation curve of the disk. but if you interact with the corona Corona is rotating more slowly. then the particles, start rotating more slowly.
08:44:33 So we see we can, we can see, if we detecting the data is effect.
08:44:40 And then out of this model were produced, so that it is a kinematic imprint of the cooling of the corona.
08:44:49 That is rotational lag. And this regularly flows that you saw in the indoor.
08:44:55 Do we see this in the data. To do this we have to produce this
08:45:01 artificial data cube of the, of the values model that is Joe near, in terms of some again, longitude velocity blocks, but we fitted. Actually, the entire data cube.
08:45:14 And this.
08:45:16 This simply shows you that in some location.
08:45:19 So this is the more than with pure fountain is more than we found in plus condensation. These are the data, and there are locations like for example where you see this earlier, we are this model works better than this model, and etc etc year, the year
08:45:30 there is less gas and then in this model. This model works better. And you do this for the old data cube, I'm stressing this, and you find a very clear, minimum for the value of the attrition rate that this.
08:45:51 This model is supposed to produce and the sacrificial rate is essentially gas.
08:45:58 That was is not part of the Phantom cycle, this is extra gas. So the Phantom cycle is putting up and down.
08:46:07 Eight solar masses video of gas, lots of, lots of it, mass loading factor for if you're taking a star formation day to do. But on top of that, to solar masses video are needed to reconcile the kinematics with the, with what we observed in the date.
08:46:26 And we can also get an accretion profile from this. That is quite interesting because then you can compare it with chemical evolution models that have completely different type of constraints.
08:46:39 So the other few things that I want to say about this model is that this is a relatively old work but I think he's still relevant for what what we say here, what, what, what we did in this paper in 2013, we said okay, but if there is this cold gas that
08:47:04 is interacting with the gas and the schooling the hot gas. If there is a line of sight that goes through this cooling material, we should be able to see, and, and, at that time there was this.
08:47:14 The word is observations that came out especially the Lennar, and now can lend on the 2012. Now there are more data we should redo this again but I don't think the picture is changed completely.
08:47:26 So this is these are observations against the AGM, and also stellar sidelines in the law and and and we said that some of this may be the cooling material that is condensing from the corona.
08:47:41 So we took our model that reproduces the h1 gas, and we actually do not did not change, and predict it simply what the that modal will predict for the location of the of the of the ionizing patronized Yes, Okay.
08:48:03 The dispersion is larger the United gas is different but the kinematics is exactly the same as they age one motor, we didn't change any parameter. This is incredible because you see that most of the observations are actually very much in agreement with
08:48:12 the prediction. So, what the, the controls would tell you, if you could see the the ionized gas emission. This is what you should see so that that is the idea, and what what what, and the the dots are the observations.
08:48:37 So this know that we produce is actually 95% of their servers, and also other properties.
08:48:45 And, and the attrition rate that we get from this more than peace again was on last period.
08:48:50 And the last thing that I like to mention episode that yes it's important that these are, to some extent, this is, this is complimentary to these kinematic models that have been data in, because these are really measuring the structure and the kinematics
08:49:08 right here. There is a dynamical model.
08:49:15 Consistent with another observation that produces the data, quite well.
08:49:21 And the other thing I like to mention is actually with this condensation.
08:49:27 With this, this idea that someone was describing in the stock.
08:49:32 You throw a seed. And then we see the makes lots of hot gas, becoming code essentially so condensing. And with this idea we actually in this paper they are even measured managed to reproduce the complex see that renowned.
08:49:52 10 k PC, if, if an explosion manages to throw a seed high enough, it is possible to reproduce, to, to make a portion of the hot gas cooling in the shape of the complexity.
08:50:09 So this is, this is what I meant when I said that maybe I the last the clouds and intermediate the obstacles are not that different. And by the way, this model also reproduces the mentality, if the Corolla, there is enough.
08:50:22 Low McAleese.
08:50:24 And the last thing that we need that I would say so I'm.
08:50:27 This is the last slide, is that is that obviously all these models FF some limitations that they, in our view, they cannot be overcome by making a simulation of the old galaxy because this, the basis of these ideas that you need to you need the correct
08:50:48 solution of one part second you cannot vote at the old galaxy and one bad thing, but people have looked at portions of the disk, and for example there was this paper last year where they more than this portion of the desk, looking for the condensation.
08:51:01 And actually, so that the condensation and so that that. So, this is the portion of the disc galactic fountain that is developing there. And these condensation can maintain enough that the star formation of the Milky Way.
08:51:16 And the last thing that I want to mention this wonderful simulations by human a psycho that have been shown the lady, but in particular, the fact that these, these, these simulations predict that at the TPC distances from the days that is lots of warm
08:51:36 gas, which is the gas that we out of serving in the exoplanet layer. And last year was very nice paper from by a dp when she showed that a ballistic border.
08:51:57 Essentially produces the same result that you get through this very complex
08:51:58 simulation for the word gas.
08:52:00 So ballistic treatment is in agreement also with with with this simulation This is very good news for our, our models our old models, because then we can, we can expect that potentially if we could use this type of simulations to do more than the same
08:52:17 thing we will get similar results.
08:52:20 Okay, this brings me to my conclusions briefly what the Milky Way tells us the CGI has been created from at least that actually the one into the desk over the disc relatively low mentally city relatively I angular momentum but not as as Is this the cooling
08:52:40 cooling of the halo RT know, for me, is an excellent candidate for creation, this we can discuss it as much as you like.
08:52:49 The extra plane or gas, so this this region.
08:52:54 A few kpc about this capital can be perceived as an enormous mixture of this material, and external material and a lot is going on there is this is really the lower CGM market asked me well, where does the CGM starts.
08:53:09 It starts with excellent Nina guys, there's the brain of gas ECG em.
08:53:15 And then this is more my opinion, the fountain driven conversation can actually explain. Many of these features and give you an attrition rate of order of wind, solar masses per year.
08:53:27 And with this, I stopped, and I thank you very much for your attention.
08:53:33 Thank you for your
08:53:38 app. We already have hands raised.
08:53:41 But we are going to take a convenient break beforehand and start getting to those questions on the hour at 9am.
08:53:53 Pacific time. So take a little bit of a break, and get a coffee and then come on back.